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2025 Zero-Day Report: What the Record Number of Chrome Flaws Says About Your Corporate Security
Published: 13:01 12/23/2025
Cyberbezpieczeństwo
Summary of Google Chrome Zero-Day Vulnerabilities (2025)
The year 2025 was marked by Google's intense battle against zero-day vulnerabilities in the Chrome browser. During this period, eight critical vulnerabilities that were being actively exploited by hackers were eliminated. Each was classified as a High Severity threat, reaching an average CVSS score of 8.5.
Such high activity from threat actors—including state-sponsored groups and commercial spyware providers—demonstrates that Chrome remains a primary target for advanced cyberattacks worldwide.
Breakdown of Vulnerabilities Detected in 2025
Attacks focused on fundamental browser elements: the V8 JavaScript engine, sandbox security mechanisms, and graphics components. All incidents have been recorded in the official CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog.
| CVE Identifier | Discovery Month | Vulnerability Type / Component |
|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-2783 | March | Sandbox escape |
| CVE-2025-4664 | May | Account hijacking |
| CVE-2025-5419 | June | V8 out-of-bounds memory access |
| CVE-2025-6554 | July | V8 engine flaw |
| CVE-2025-6558 | July | Unspecified flaw |
| CVE-2025-10585 | September | V8 type confusion |
| CVE-2025-13223 | November | V8 type confusion |
| CVE-2025-14174 | December | ANGLE / GPU layer flaw |
Key Technical Insights
1. Dominance of V8 Engine Flaws
The V8 engine proved to be the weakest link. Most vulnerabilities found there (e.g., CVE-2025-10585) were based on "Type Confusion." This allows attackers to manipulate how the browser interprets data in memory, ultimately enabling Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the victim's device.
2. Breaking Sandbox Protections
The March vulnerability, CVE-2025-2783, was particularly dangerous. It allowed malicious code to "escape" the browser's isolated environment and gain direct access to the operating system's files and functions.
3. Graphics and Communication Issues (ANGLE/Mojo)
Towards the end of the year, hacker attention shifted to the ANGLE (Almost Native Graphics Layer Engine) and the Mojo IPC communication system. For instance, CVE-2025-14174 enabled memory manipulation in processes responsible for rendering images.
Who is Behind the Attacks?
Experts point to two main groups of perpetrators:
- APT (Advanced Persistent Threats) Groups: State-sponsored entities operating for espionage purposes.
- Commercial Spyware Vendors: Private companies developing surveillance tools for law enforcement and intelligence agencies.
In one notable case (Operation "Forum Troll"), a Chrome vulnerability was used to infect targets with advanced spyware known as LeetAgent.
Conclusions and Security Best Practices
Despite the implementation of new security technologies like MiraclePtr, Chrome remains a high-value target due to its global popularity.
Recommendations for Organizations:
- Remote Browser Isolation (RBI): Executing web content in isolated, disposable cloud environments.
- Rapid Update Cycles: Deploying Chrome patches immediately upon release by Google.
- Network Protection: Utilizing firewalls (WAF/NGFW) and IDS/IPS systems to identify behavioral indicators of an attack.
About the Author
Aleksander Zębrowski
Chief Technology Officer at SecurHub.pl
PhD candidate in neuroscience. Psychologist and IT expert specializing in cybersecurity.
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