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The Death of "Castle and Moat". Why Mistrust is the New Currency in Cybersecurity
Published: 00:00 11/10/2025
Cyberbezpieczeństwo
Do you remember the good old days when IT security felt like a medieval fortress? We built high walls (firewalls), dug deep moats (DMZs), and lived in the blissful belief that everything inside was safe. We had a "hard shell" and a "soft center." If you were in the office and plugged into a wall socket—you were "one of us."
Well, I have news for you: that era is over. And not just yesterday, but a good decade ago.
Today, in the age of the cloud, hybrid work, and savvy hackers, the old "Castle and Moat" model is not just outdated—it is downright dangerous. I’ve analyzed an extensive report on the new Zero Trust paradigm for you, fishing out the essentials. Forget boring definitions. Here is how the rules of the game are changing.
1. Trust is Not a State, It’s a Continuous Algorithm
The biggest mistake we’ve made for years was treating trust as binary. Typed in your password? You’re logged in for 8 hours. Zero Trust throws this approach in the trash.
In this new model, the heart of the system is the Trust Algorithm. Imagine it as a real-time scoring system, a bit like a video game.
- Logging in from the office? +10 points.
- Using a company laptop? +20 points.
- But wait... is your OS outdated? -30 points.
- Logging in at 3 AM? -15 points.
If your total score doesn’t cross the threshold—you don’t get in. Or the system asks for additional verification (like a hardware key). This is the end of the "authenticate once, trust forever" era. Your session is constantly being evaluated. It’s a bit paranoid, but these days, paranoia is a virtue.
2. The Inverted Triad in Factories (IT vs. OT)
We all know the security triad in IT: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability. But what happens when we try to implement Zero Trust in a factory or power plant? The report sheds light on a fascinating paradox.
In operational technology (OT) systems, priorities are inverted. Availability is King. If your super-secure encryption system delays a signal to a PLC controller by a fraction of a second, it could stop a production line or cause physical damage.
"Introducing latency through encryption systems or active port scanning can lead to PLC failure or a production line stoppage."
That is why in critical infrastructure, we don’t blindly encrypt everything. We use "Security Overlays"—digital wrappers that act as guards in front of old, defenseless machines. It’s cybersecurity in a surgical version, not carpet bombing.
3. AI: Your Best Friend and Worst Enemy
Artificial Intelligence plays a double role in Zero Trust, and this is one of the most intriguing threads in the report.
On one hand, AI is essential as a defender. No human can analyze logs from thousands of devices in real-time to detect that Mark from accounting is suddenly downloading 5GB of data to a server in Asia. This is where UEBA (User and Entity Behavior Analytics) steps in.
On the other hand, we have Deepfakes. Since Zero Trust relies on identity, what happens when AI mimics your voice or face during biometric verification? Or when hackers "poison" the data (Data Poisoning) your defense system learns from? We are entering the era of Zero Trust AI—where even AI models must be treated as resources of limited trust.
4. It’s No Longer a Choice, It’s the Law (NIS2 and DORA)
If you think Zero Trust is just a buzzword invented by Silicon Valley salespeople, I have bad news. The European Union has just written it into law.
- The NIS2 Directive explicitly mandates the use of "zero trust principles."
- The DORA Regulation forces the financial sector into such strict access control and third-party management that it is almost impossible without Zero Trust architecture.
Polish banks, like PKO BP or mBank, are already implementing this (e.g., through behavioral analysis—how fast you type, how you move your mouse). This isn't the future; it's the present enforced by regulations.
Summary
The "Castle and Moat" era is dead and gone. Today, the network is always a hostile environment—even inside your office. Transitioning to Zero Trust isn't about buying a new box of software, but shifting a mindset.
Is your organization ready to treat every user and every device with default mistrust, to ultimately provide them with greater security? That is the question I leave you with.
Aleksander
Sources:
About the Author
Aleksander Zębrowski
Chief Technology Officer at SecurHub.pl
PhD candidate in neuroscience. Psychologist and IT expert specializing in cybersecurity.
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